Air conditioning systems are used in industries and residential environments with the aim of improving environmental conditions and creating a comfortable TEMPERATURE for users. Considering the production of sound and vibration in most of its components, the lack of control of the production sound level always exposes the users to unwanted sound, which in addition to hearing complications, also causes fatigue and dissatisfaction with the environmental conditions. . Compressors are one of the most important sources of sound production in air conditioning systems, and screw compressors are one of the most widely used in air conditioning industries. Therefore, the compressor shell should be designed to minimize the transmission of sound from inside to outside. Since the maximum working TEMPERATURE of compressors is up to 80 degrees Celsius, therefore, in this research, an acoustic test was performed on a sample of a screw compressor shell in two modes of ambient TEMPERATURE and maximum working TEMPERATURE inside the acoustic room, and the effect of TEMPERATURE INCREASE on the sound pressure level. transferred from the shell to the external environment is discussed. Finally, based on the frequency analysis performed in two conditions of ambient TEMPERATURE and maximum working TEMPERATURE and comparing the amount of sound transmitted to the environment at different frequencies, practical solutions to reduce the amount of transmitted sound pressure have been presented.

In this study, the life history characteristics of Trichogramma euproctidis (Girault), an established egg parasitoid species in southwestern Iran, parasitizing Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) were examined at 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33 °C. The results showed that different constant TEMPERATUREs significantly affected the number of parasitized eggs, development time, sex ratio, tibial length, number of parasitoids per host egg, progeny longevity, and fecundity. T. euproctidis failed to complete development at 18 °C, the lowest TEMPERATURE tested. The mean developmental duration from egg to adult female decreased from 15.33 days at 21 °C to 7.25 days at 33 °C. An average of 188-degree days was required to complete development above the lower threshold TEMPERATURE (7.2 °C). Survivorship was 96.20, 97.20, 98.33, 85.46, and 82.22 % at 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33 °C, respectively. The mean longevity of T. euproctidis ranged from 11.60 days at 21 °C to 4.57 days at 33 °C. Mean total progeny ranged from 19.50 / female at 33 °C to 168.70 / female at 21 °C. Data analysis demonstrated that different constant TEMPERATUREs had a significant effect on the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of INCREASE (r), finite rate of INCREASE (λ), and generation time (T). The intrinsic rate of INCREASE (r) improved with TEMPERATURE from 0.240/day at 21°C to 0.370/day at 27 °C and then decreased at higher TEMPERATUREs. Generation time decreased from 16.90 days to 7.53 days with increasing TEMPERATURE. The optimal TEMPERATURE for development and reproduction of T. euproctidis was 27 °C. The results of this study showed that this strain of T. euproctidis appears to have the potential to be utilized in integrated management programs targeting H. armigera.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate external root surface TEMPERATURE rise during post space preparation using LA Axxess bur, Beefill pack System, and Peeso Reamer drill.MATERIALS & METHODS: The distal canals of forty-five extracted human permanent mandibular first molars were instrumented in crown-apical manner and obturated with lateral condensation technique. Teeth were then randomly divided into three groups according to post space preparation technique including: group 1. LA Axxess bur (Sybronendo Co., CA, USA), group 2 Beefill pack System (VD W Co., Munich, Germany) and group 3 Peeso Reamer drill (Mani Co., Tochigi-ken, Japan). TEMPERATURE was measured by means of digital thermometer MT-405 (Comercio Co., Sao Paulo, Brazil) which was installed on the root surfaces. Data was collected and submitted to one-way ANOVA and Post hoc analysis.RESULTS: Root surface TEMPERATUREs were found to be significantly higher (7.3±2.7 vs. 4.3 ±2.1 and 4±2.4,) in samples of Beefill pack System compared with the two other groups (P<0.02).CONCLUSION: Using Beefill pack System during post space preparation may be potentially hazardous for periodontal tissues.

Introduction The climate change and global warming is a widespread problem in the world. INCREASE in the greenhouse gases is the reason of this climate change (Dettinger et al, 2004, 2). According to IPPC report, average annual TEMPERATURE of the earth has been raised from 0. 3º to 0. 6º as a result of spreading the greenhouse gases and this value will INCREASE from 1 to 3. 5º by 2100. The main effects of the phenomenon are drought, extreme flood, snowmelting, storms and increasing air TEMPERATURE in different regions. These phonemes are in the whole world but they are different from each other. Climate change is an important environmental challenge in recent years...

One of the important issues in the production of concrete is environmental variability that affects the concrete and elements constructed from this material. Due to the importance of different characteristics of concrete in short- and long-term conditions, this article aims to investigate the influence of initial TEMPERATURE conditions of self-compacting concrete on its long-term characteristics and determine the initial optimal TEMPERATURE of concrete. For these purposes, several experiments under three TEMPERATURE conditions of 5, 20, and 40 degree-of-Celsius were conducted to evaluate the rheology and mechanical properties of fresh concrete in the range of 7 and 28 days. In these experiments, alternative mineral admixtures of cement such as micro-silica, fly ash, and zeolite were used to build the concrete specimens. Results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the specimens INCREASE with increasing initial TEMPERATURE in the short term, while such properties significantly decrease in the long term compared to the specimens constructed under lower initial TEMPERATURE. Moreover, the fluidity of self-compacting concrete INCREASEs with increasing initial TEMPERATURE.

TEMPERATURE is one of the important thermodynamic meteorological elements the change of which can cause many physical, chemical and environmental variations. The history of measuring TEMPERATURE is relatively long compared to that of other elements in meteorology. In spite of some evidence and experts" belief about the global warming in the years 1947 and 1948, the idea of stationary climatic condition persisted till 1970s.Many research done at national, regional, and global levels indicate an INCREASE in TEMPERATURE in many parts of the world. In other words they prove an INCREASE in the mean global TEMPERATURE. Although there is a marked INCREASE in maximum TEMPERATURE in many parts of the world owing to its lower INCREASE rate, compared to that of minimum TEMPERATURE, DTR has decreased. The results obtained for maximum, minimum, and mean TEMPERATUREs are quite different from one another. Positive trend for minimum TEMPERATURE in majority of Iranian synoptic stations especially in those located in cities with high urban growth rate, are remarkable. For instance, it is strong in Esfahan. Moreover, we found a jump in annual TEMPERATURE series in the 1970s that is consistent with the jump in many places in the world. DTR in large cities like Esfahan, Shiraz, and Tehran has decreased significantly. In this regard, a 4°C decrease in Esfahan can be noticed. In addition to some exceptions, quality and quantity of trends are also discussed.

Increasing TEMPERATURE in recent years has led to changes in plants development cycle and the projections of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) implies significant INCREASE of TEMPERATURE by century 21. Table grape, as one of the most important crops in the world, is a greatly sensitive crop to TEMPERATURE changes. Thus, assessing the response of grape phenology to TEMPERATURE changes provides a suitable field for evaluating the varieties and adopting better decisions toward adaptation strategies for climate change. In this study, the phonological responses of the “ Bidaneh Sefid” grape variety to TEMPERATURE INCREASE under RCP8. 5 scenario was assessed in West Azerbaijan province. The comparison of the phenological phases occurrence during two future periods of 2021-2050 and 2071-2100 with historical period of 1976-2005 reveals the decrease in the phonological intervals. Moreover, the growing season length in short and long term future will decrease about 10 and 40 days in comparison with the historical period. According to the differences of grape varieties in response to the TEMPERATURE changes and also different affectability of diverse microclimates from global warming, assessing the simultaneous contribution of grape varieties and microclimates is recommended for the future studies in this province.